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Your search term(s) "gastritis" returned 19 results.

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Bleeding in the Digestive Tract. Bethesda, MD: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2008. 8 p.

This fact sheet describes bleeding in the digestive tract, which is considered a symptom of a disease rather than a disease itself. Written in nontechnical language, the fact sheet answers common questions about digestive tract bleeding, including the signs, causes, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies. The signs of bleeding in the digestive tract depend upon the site and severity of bleeding. Vomiting bright red blood or material that looks like coffee grounds is a sign of bleeding in the upper digestive tract. When there is bleeding in the upper digestive tract or the small intestine, stool may be black and tarry or mixed with dark blood. Bleeding from the rectum or passing stool mixed with red blood is a sign of bleeding from the upper or lower digestive tract. A number of different conditions can cause bleeding in the digestive tract, including peptic ulcers, varices, Mallory-Weiss tears, gastritis, ulcers, cancer, diverticular disease, colitis, hemorrhoids, and polyps. The location and cause of the bleeding must be identified in order to implement the most appropriate treatment. Most causes of bleeding can be cured or controlled. Endoscopy is the most common tool for diagnosing and treating bleeding in the digestive tract. Readers are referred to two resource organizations for more information: the American College of Gastroenterology (www.acg.gi.org or 301–263–9000) and the American Gastroenterological Association (www.gastro.org or 301–654–2055). The fact sheet briefly describes the work of the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, which provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. 1 figure. 2 tables. 1 reference.

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Gastritis. Bethesda, MD: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2008. 6 p.

This fact sheet describes gastritis, a condition in which the stomach lining is inflamed. Some types of gastritis, called erosive gastritis, wear away the stomach lining. Gastritis may be acute or chronic. Written in nontechnical language, the fact sheet answers common questions about gastritis, including the causes of gastritis, complications, symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies. The most common causes of gastritis are Helicobacter pylori infections and prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Symptoms of gastritis include abdominal discomfort or pain, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding in the stomach; however, many people with gastritis have no symptoms. Readers are referred to two resource organizations for more information: the American College of Gastroenterology (www.acg.gi.org or 301–263–9000) and the American Gastroenterological Association (www.gastro.org or 301–654–2055). The fact sheet briefly describes the work of the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, which provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. 2 references.

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Gastritis. IN: Hauser, S., ed. Mayo Clinic Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2008. pp 67-76.

This chapter on gastritis is from a comprehensive textbook that provides an in-depth examination of essential knowledge in gastroenterology, hepatology, and the related areas of pathology, endoscopy, nutrition, and radiology. Gastritis is a term for inflammation in the gastric mucosa due to mucosal injury. The chapter covers histopathology, acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, chronic reactive gastritis, infectious gastritis, lymphocytic gastritis, granulomatous gastritis, eosinophilic gastritis, gastric antral vascular ectasia, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and Menetrier’s disease. Gastritis can have various appearances on endoscopic examination, including erosions, erythema, nodularity, or thickened gastric folds. Diagnosis is based on histologic findings and the patient’s clinical history. Treatment is usually targeted at withdrawing the offending agent or treating an underlying infection or systemic disease. Gastropathy is a term used to describe epithelial damage without associated inflammation. The most common types are vascular and hypertrophic. The chapter is illustrated with full-color drawings and photographs. 4 figures. 1 table. 9 references.

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Association and Clinical Implications of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and H. pylori. Practical Gastroenterology. 30(1): 40-48. January 2006.

This article considers the interrelationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The incidence of GERD and its complications, including Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia have increased, but the incidence of H. pylori related gastroduodenal peptic ulcer disease and distal gastric adenocarcinoma has decreased in Western Europe and the United States. H. pylori infection eradication does not cause GERD, but there is possibly a protective and negative effect of H. pylori in patients with GERD. This protective effect is related to the virulence of the infecting strain and the distribution and severity of gastritis. The negative effect is the increase in peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. In patients who require long term therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a test-and-treat strategy may be appropriate, since PPI therapy might increase the risk of atrophic gastritis and its potential for B12 malabsorption and gastric cancer in H. pylori infected individuals. The author concludes that this is an evolving area with important implications for both individual patients as well as for the nations of the world. 36 references.

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Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Climbing to New Understandings. Today's Dietitian. 8(5): 28-32. May 2006.

This article describes eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), a rapidly emerging chronic illness in both pediatric and adult gastroenterology. Most commonly caused by a food allergy, EE is a serious condition that can cause chronic feeding problems. The author reviews the etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of EE, including the use of elimination diets, elemental diets, food reintroduction, and medications. EE is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) in the lining of the esophagus. The most common cause of EE is an allergy to milk, eggs, soy, corn, wheat, beef, chicken, shellfish, peanuts, or potatoes. Symptoms include dysphagia, food impaction, nausea and vomiting, failure to thrive, abdominal or chest pain, poor appetite, malnutrition, and difficulty sleeping. Diagnosis is based on upper endoscopy with biopsy. One section reviews the arguments that support nutritional versus medical therapy for children with EE. A final section helps dietitians guide families in making the best treatment choice for children with EE. If nutritional management is chosen, the patient care team must including dietitians, the family, and other health care providers. Drug therapy is an option required for some patients and chosen by others. Readers are referred to five online resource organizations for more information. 5 references.

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Mayo Clinic Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2008. 520 p.

This comprehensive textbook provides an in-depth examination of essential knowledge in gastroenterology, hepatology, and the related areas of pathology, endoscopy, nutrition, and radiology. The text is designed to assist physicians-in-training who are preparing for the gastroenterology board examination or preparing for recertification. Clinical knowledge related to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patient management is emphasized. The authors offer case-based presentations and multiple short board-examination-type, single best-answer questions, providing annotated answers for each. The book includes 38 chapters in seven sections: esophagus, stomach, small bowel and nutrition, miscellaneous disorders, colon, liver, pancreas and biliary tree. Specific topics covered include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer, motility and motility disorders, peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, malabsorptive disorders, bacterial overgrowth syndromes, nutritional disorders, HIV and its impact on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, GI bleeding, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), GI infections, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, disorders of pelvic floor function, hepatitis, fulminant liver failure, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, liver transplantation, pancreatitis, and gallstones. Numerous color and black-and-white figures are used to illustrate the text.

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Treating Functional Dyspepsia: What Are Your Options?. Digestive Health Matters. 17(1): 12-13. Spring 2008.

This article outlines the treatment options that are used for functional dyspepsia, a common disorder characterized by symptoms including upper abdominal pain or discomfort and possibly symptoms of burning, pressure, or fullness often related to meals. The symptoms of dyspepsia can be caused by peptic ulcer or gastritis but are more often diagnosed as functional dyspepsia (FD). FD is a group of symptoms thought to originate in the stomach and upper small intestine but in the absence of any structural or metabolic disease. The article briefly reviews of the possible causes of FD and outlines treatment options including diet, eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections, acid-lowering medications, prokinetic and antiemetic agents, and centrally acting therapies such as tricyclic antidepressants and hypnotherapy. The article concludes with a brief description of a research study on FD. Readers are referred to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) website at www.nih.gov/news/pr/sep2007/niddk-05.htm for more information and Vickie Silvernail at 507–284–2812.

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Endoscopy in Pregnancy. IN: Pregnancy in Gastrointestinal Disorders. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: American College of Gastroenterology. 2007. pp 10-17.

This chapter about endoscopy in pregnancy is from a monograph that presents updated information about pregnancy in women with gastrointestinal disorders. The authors stress that the spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases in the pregnant patient is virtually identical to that in nonpregnant women. However, options for evaluating pregnant patients are somewhat limited because barium studies and other radiographic techniques subject the fetus to the risks of radiation. However, endoscopy can play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders in the pregnant patient. The chapter focuses on bringing readers up to date on the research in the area covered, the recommended treatments, and patient management concerns, notably issues of maternal and fetal safety. Topics include the use of upper endoscopy for diagnosing nausea, vomiting, esophagitis, ulcers, and gastritis; the use of lower endoscopy to evaluate rectal bleeding and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) used to evaluate gallstones; percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement to assist patients who cannot sustain adequate nutritional intake; and the use of sedation for endoscopic tests in women who are pregnant. The authors conclude that endoscopy appears to be safe in pregnancy. They recommend that procedures be performed after the first trimester if possible, following guidelines to minimize radiation and excessive sedation. Endoscopists are encouraged to consult with an obstetrician in challenging, complicated cases. 1 table. 17 references.

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Gastric Preneoplastic Lesions and Epithelial Dysplasia. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 36(4): 813-830. December 2007.

This article on gastric preneoplastic lesions and epithelial dysplasia is from a special issue of Gastroenterology Clinics of North America that focuses on the pathology and clinical relevance of neoplastic precursor lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreaticobiliary system. The authors note that the incidence of gastric cancer is declining. However, gastric cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Topics include the mucosal changes that precede gastric dysplasia, gastric epithelial dysplasia, the grading of gastric dysplasia, and molecular biology factors, including the role of tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, microsatellite instability, and hypermethylation. The authors emphasize the possible role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in gastric cancer development. They conclude that the optimal surveillance strategy for patients who have H. pylori gastritis is still uncertain. In current routine practice, only dysplasia is a definitive indication for aggressive surveillance or endoscopic therapy or both. 7 figures. 1 table. 135 references.

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Rifaximin: Recent Advances in Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 3(6): 474-483. June 2007.

This article reviews data that have been presented at medical meetings or published in medical journals since the publication of a 2006 review of rifaximin in this journal. Rifaximin is an antibiotic that was initially developed to treat bacteria-related diarrhea, but its uses have increased as the understanding of the role of enteric bacteria has advanced. The author presents data that suggest rifaximin may be useful in several enteric conditions, including Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, cryptosporidial diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pouchitis, traveler’s diarrhea, diverticular disease, hepatic encephalopathy, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and irritable bowel syndrome. For each condition, the author reviews the related research, focusing on administration and dosage, as well as patient selection. The author concludes that rifaximin may be beneficial as monotherapy or in combination with other agents for the treatment of multiple enteric conditions. 2 figures. 5 tables. 72 references.

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