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Rapid Gastric Emptying. Bethesda, MD: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2007. 2p.

This fact sheet describes rapid gastric emptying, also called dumping syndrome, which occurs when undigested food empties too quickly into the small intestine. The fact sheet reviews the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of rapid gastric emptying. Early rapid gastric emptying begins either during or right after a meal. Symptoms of this type include nausea, vomiting, bloating, cramping, diarrhea, dizziness, and fatigue. Late rapid gastric emptying occurs 1 to 3 hours after eating; symptoms of this type include hypoglycemia, also called low blood glucose; weakness; sweating; and dizziness. Rapid gastric emptying can occur in people who have undergone stomach surgery such as fundoplication or gastric bypass. The condition is also seen in people with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Treatment includes changes in eating habits and medication. People who have rapid gastric emptying should eat several, small, low-carbohydrate meals a day and drink liquids between meals, not with meals. Readers are referred to two databases for additional information: the NIDDK Reference Collection at www.catalog.niddk.nih.gov/resources and Medline Plus at www.medlineplus.gov. A final section offers a brief description of the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), a Federal Government agency that provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and their families, health care professionals, and the public.

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Dietary Nutritional Recommendations for Patients with Dumping Syndrome (Rapid Gastric Emptying). Digestive Health Matters. 15(02): 15 p. Summer 2006.

This article presents dietary and nutritional recommendations for patients who are coping with dumping syndrome, or rapid gastric emptying. Dumping syndrome is a collection of symptoms that occur when food is emptied too quickly from the stomach, filling the small intestine with undigested food that is not adequately prepared to permit efficient absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Dumping syndrome is most common in patients who have undergone gastrectomy, the surgical removal of part or all of the stomach. The author reviews the symptoms and diagnosis of the condition and notes that dietary therapy is usually the initial line of treatment. Guidelines include eating smaller, more frequent meals; choosing foods that are already less solid, such as hamburger rather than steak; limiting fluid consumption during meals; avoiding nutrient-rich drinks; eating fewer simple sugars; eating more complex carbohydrates and foods high in soluble fiber; increasing the amount of dietary fats and protein; and trying lactose-free milk. The author emphasizes that most patients have relatively mild symptoms and respond well to dietary changes. A brief final section reviews some of the medications that may also be recommended for patients with rapid gastric emptying.

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Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility and Emptying After Gastric Operations. In: Kelly, K.A.; Sarr, M.G.; Hinder, R.A., eds. Mayo Clinic Gastrointestinal Surgery. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. 2004. p. 127-138.

Although fewer gastric (stomach) operations are being done and with fewer morbid procedures being used when operative treatment is necessary, surgery is still sometimes being used to treat peptic ulcer, especially to manage the acute complications of the disease. Also, subtotal or total gastrectomy (removal of the stomach) continues to be required for patients who have resectable stomach cancer. These gastric operations are associated with postoperative morbidity, often in derangements in the pattern of gastrointestinal motility and emptying. This chapter on disorders of gastrointestinal motility and emptying after gastric operations is from a book that focuses on the major diseases treated by gastrointestinal surgeons, from the esophagus to the anal canal. The presentation has a definite clinical orientation and a major emphasis on practical applications as they are applied at the Mayo Clinic. The authors of this chapter discuss the different problems associated with different surgical techniques, slow gastric emptying, rapid gastric emptying, dumping, diarrhea, diagnostic considerations, medical and dietary interventions, preoperative considerations, operative treatment of postoperative disorders, and prevention strategies. The chapter is illustrated with line drawings. 4 figures. 2 tables. 32 references.

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