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Your search term(s) "anemia and chronic disease" returned 7 results.

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Anemia and Hepatitis C. Milwaukee, WI: National Anemia Action Council, Inc. 2007. 2 p.

This fact sheet provides basic information about hepatitis C and anemia, which is defined as a below-normal level of hemoglobin or hematocrit. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to all parts of the body. Anemia can be temporary, a consequence of other health conditions, or chronic. People with severe anemia may feel tired or experience shortness of breath with activity and may have problems carrying out the routine activities of the day. The fact sheet answers common questions about the interplay between hepatitis C and anemia, including its incidence in these patients, the causes of anemia in people with hepatitis C, the effects of untreated anemia in this population, diagnostic tests that may be used to confirm the presence of anemia, and treatment options. The author notes that use of one of the drugs that is often used to treat hepatitis C, ribavirin, can result in the rapid development of anemia. In addition, the presence of a chronic disease can interfere with the production of red blood cells. The fact sheet includes a short glossary and a list of references, including related online resources available through the National Anemia Action Council at www.anemia.org. 13 references.

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Haematological Disorders at the Extremes of Life. IN: Provan, D., ed. ABC of Clinical Haematology. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishing Inc. 2007. pp. 72-77.

This chapter about hematological disorders at infancy and old age is from a book on clinical hematology, written by specialists for nonspecialists. The book is designed to be easy to use and covers the symptoms, investigations, treatment, and management of conditions presenting in day-to-day practice. In this chapter, the authors first discuss hematological disorders in infants, including anemia, hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, hemoglobinopathies, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, enzyme deficiencies, membrane defects, sepsis, bleeding and thrombotic disorders, prematurity, thrombocytopenia, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, transfusion in this age group, neutropenia, polycythemia, and leukemia. A final section covers iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, anemia of chronic disease, and malignancies of the blood in people older than 70 years. The authors caution that anemia in the neonate results in reduced tissue oxygenation, metabolic acidosis, and ultimately growth retardation and many other sequelae. Neonatal thrombosis and thrombocytopenia are potentially lethal and prompt diagnosis and management are essential. At the other end of life, elderly people are more susceptible to the effects of anemia, which is often multifactorial and should be investigated and treated appropriately. The chapter is illustrated with full-color photographs, drawings, and charts. 4 figures. 14 tables. 8 references.

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Anemia and Erythocytosis. IN: Nilsson, K.R.; Piccini, J.P., eds. Osler Medical Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 2006. pp. 475-486.

This chapter on anemia and erythrocytosis is from a handbook that provides the essentials of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the latest in evidence-based medicine, for residents working bedside, in-patient care. The chapter begins with a presentation of essential Fast Facts and concludes with Pearls and Pitfalls useful to the practicing internist. The body of the chapter is divided into sections: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Specific topics covered in this chapter include iron deficiency (the most common cause of anemia); definitions of anemia in men and in women; the use of peripheral blood smear analysis in the diagnosis of any patient with anemia; classic patterns of anemia, including iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, and sideroblastic anemia; the role of hypoxia caused by chronic pulmonary disease in the development of erythrocytosis; and definitions of erythrocytosis in men and in women. The chapter concludes with a list of references, each labeled with a 'strength of evidence' grade to help readers determine the type of research available in that reference source. 1 figure. 4 tables. 13 references.

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Anemia Following Renal Transplantation: Find It and Treat It. Dialysis and Transplantation. 35(4): 260-265. April 2006.

This article investigates the reasons anemia occurs post-transplant and explores its consequences and treatment options. The author notes that as iron use increases after transplantation, iron deficiency may occur and this will compound the anemia. Acute rejection episodes and the therapy that caused them can affect bone marrow response, as can antihypertensive medications. The author cautions that, in a manner similar to that in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic anemia may affect the cardiovascular system and finally contribute to the high mortality rate observed in these patients. The author discusses the prevalence of anemia following kidney transplantation, the basis for this problem, poor allograft function, iron deficiency, drug side-effects, parvovirus, ABO incompatibilities, the consequences of anemia in renal transplant recipients, and treatment strategies, including the use of erythropoietin and iron therapy. The author encourages clinicians to closely monitor patients with anemia following renal transplantation, in order to treat effectively and prevent cardiovascular risk. 28 references.

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Anemia Following Renal Transplantation: Find It and Treat It. Dialysis and Transplantation. 35(4): 260-265. April 2006.

This article investigates the reasons anemia occurs post-transplant and explores its consequences and treatment options. The author notes that as iron use increases after transplantation, iron deficiency may occur and this will compound the anemia. Acute rejection episodes and the therapy that caused them can affect bone marrow response, as can antihypertensive medications. The author cautions that, in a manner similar to that in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic anemia may affect the cardiovascular system and finally contribute to the high mortality rate observed in these patients. The author discusses the prevalence of anemia following kidney transplantation, the basis for this problem, poor allograft function, iron deficiency, drug side-effects, parvovirus, ABO incompatibilities, the consequences of anemia in renal transplant recipients, and treatment strategies, including the use of erythropoietin and iron therapy. The author encourages clinicians to closely monitor patients with anemia following renal transplantation, in order to treat effectively and prevent cardiovascular risk. 28 references.

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Hepcidin and its Role in Regulating Systemic Iron Metabolism. IN: Hematology 2006. Washington, DC: American Society of Hematology. 2006. pp. 29-35.

This article considers hepcidin and its role in regulating systemic iron metabolism. The author explains how maintenance of stable extracellular iron concentrations requires the coordinate regulation of iron transport into plasma from dietary sources in the duodenum, from recycled senescent red cells in macrophages and from storage in hepatocytes. Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid disulfide-rich peptide synthesized in the liver that acts as a systemic iron-regulatory hormone by regulating iron transport from iron-exporting tissues into plasma. Hepcidin inhibits the cellular loss of iron by binding to and inducing the degradation of ferroportin, the sole iron exporter in iron-transporting cells. In turn, hepcidin synthesis is increased by iron loading and decreased by anemia and hypoxia. Additionally, hepcidin synthesis is greatly increased during inflammation, trapping iron in macrophages, decreasing plasma iron concentrations and causing iron-restricted erythropoiesis characteristic of anemia of inflammation (anemia of chronic disease). Recent studies indicate that hepcidin deficiency underlies most known forms of hereditary hemochromatosis. This implies that hemochromatosis genes encode molecules that regulate hepcidin synthesis. The author concludes with a discussion of the possible use of a hepcidin assay for the diagnosis of iron disorders and the monitoring of their treatments. In addition, the development of hepcidin agonists and antagonists may provide useful therapeutics for the treatment of iron disorders. 1 table. 45 references.

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Anemia. Nursing. 35(3): 35. March 2005.

Anemia is defined as not enough red blood cells in the blood. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which helps carry oxygen throughout the body. This patient education fact sheet briefly explains the causes of anemia and its treatment. The text reviews the types of diagnostic tests that are conducted to determine the presence of anemia and notes the types of dietary additions that may prove helpful for readers with anemia (including liver, whole-grain breads and cereals, eggs, and dark green vegetables). The fact sheet includes a chart summarizing six types of anemia, and the cause and treatment of each. The types of anemia are: iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency (also called pernicious anemia) anemia, folic acid deficiency anemia, lead-induced iron-deficiency anemia, acute blood loss anemia, and anemia of chronic disease. Treatment options outlined include diet changes, iron supplements, multivitamin supplements, rehydration, and erythropoietin.

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