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Your search term(s) "Renal Tubular Acidosis" returned 5 results.

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Renal Tubular Acidosis. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2008. 6 p.

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, which causes a person’s blood to remain too acidic. Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to growth retardation, kidney stones, bone disease, and progressive renal failure. This fact sheet reviews the diagnosis, the subtypes of RTA, therapy, and current research activities in RTA. To diagnose RTA, the doctor will check the acid-base balance in samples of the patient’s blood and urine. Physicians use a three-category classification system to describe the different types of RTA. Type 1, also called classic distal RTA, is an inherited disorder associated with diseases that affect many organ systems such as the autoimmune disorders Sjögren’s syndrome and lupus erythematosus. Type 2 is called proximal RTA and occurs most frequently in children as part of a disorder called Fanconi’s syndrome; it can also occur as a side effect of treatment with ifosfamide, a drug used in chemotherapy. Type 4 is caused by another defect in the kidney tubule but is different from classic or proximal RTA because it results in high levels of potassium in the blood instead of low levels. If treated early, most people with RTA will not develop permanent kidney failure. Therefore, the goal is early recognition and adequate therapy, which will need to be maintained and monitored throughout the patient’s lifetime. The fact sheet concludes with a summary of research programs in Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) area and a brief description of the activities of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC), a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) that provides information about diseases of the kidneys and urologic system to patients and their families, the general public, and health care professionals. Readers are referred to the National Kidney Foundation at www.kidney.org or 1–800–622–9010, the American Association of Kidney Patients at www.aakp.org or 1–800–749–2257, and the American Kidney Fund at www.kidneyfund.org or 1–800–638–8299 for more information.

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Urinary Stone Disease. IN: Tanagho, E.; McAninch, J., eds. Smith’s General Urology. 17th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill. 2008. pp 246-277.

This lengthy chapter about urinary stone disease is from an updated edition of a comprehensive textbook about urology that offers an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders common to the genitourinary tract. The author notes that urinary stones are common, yet their cause remains uncertain. The author begins with a discussion of the etiology, role of urinary ions, stone varieties, and symptoms and signs at the presentation of urinary tract stones. Symptoms can include pain, hematuria, infection, associated fever, nausea, and vomiting. The author reviews diagnostic approaches to urinary stones and outlines the treatment options, including conservative observation, dissolution agents, relief of obstruction, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopic stone extraction, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, open stone surgery, pyelolithotomy, anatrophic nephrolithotomy, radial nephrotomy, and ureterolithotomy. The chapter includes a section on special situations, including renal transplantation, pregnancy, dysmorphia, obesity, medullary sponge kidney, renal tubular acidosis, associated tumors, pediatric patients, caliceal diverticula, and kidney malformations. Prevention strategies are also outlined, including metabolic evaluation and the use of oral medications. A brief review of bladder, urethral, and prepucial stones is given. The chapter is illustrated with numerous black-and-white drawings and photographs. The chapter concludes with an extensive list of references, categorized by topic. 24 figures. 110 references.

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Renal Tubular Acidosis. IN: Nilsson, K.R.; Piccini, J.P., eds. Osler Medical Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 2006. pp. 784-788.

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a common finding in many of the tubulointerstitial diseases and is characterized by a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. This chapter on renal tubular acidosis is from a handbook that provides the essentials of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the latest in evidence-based medicine, for residents working bedside, in-patient care. The chapter begins with a presentation of essential Fast Facts and concludes with Pearls and Pitfalls useful to the practicing internist. The body of the chapter is divided into sections: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Specific topics covered in this chapter include the subtypes of RTA, including distal RTA (types I and IV) and proximal RTA (type II); the use of the urine anion gap to distinguish distal RTA from the other major cause of a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis (gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss); and treatment, which is necessary to prevent the complications of RTA, including osteoporosis, kidney stones, and hyperkalemia. The chapter concludes with a list of references, each labeled with a 'strength of evidence' grade to help readers determine the type of research available in that reference source. 3 figures. 1 table. 3 references.

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Renal Tubular Disorders. IN: Hogg, R., ed. Kidney Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Global Perspective of Clinical Practice. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 165-180.

This chapter about renal tubular disorders is from a textbook that presents a global perspective of clinical practice regarding kidney disorders in children and adolescents. The author notes that hereditary renal tubular transport disorders can lead to profound problems in the homeostasis of electrolytes, minerals, or organic solutes in the body and thus can be associated with significant morbidity. However, not all tubular disorders are associated with significant clinical abnormalities. Most patients with renal tubular disorders present in the neonatal period or the 1st year of life. The author summarizes the general characteristics of hereditary tubular transport disorders, reviews some aspects of the pathophysiology and genetic aspects of a few of the diseases, describes the clinical features of the tubulopathies, and briefly summarizes the therapy of some of the disorders that are seen in children. Specific disorders considered include classic cystinuria, hereditary isolated glycosuria, Dent’s disease, proximal renal tubular acidosis, Bartter’s and Gitelman’s syndromes, Liddle syndrome, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, distal renal tubular acidosis, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The author concludes that molecular genetics and molecular biology studies have led to the identification of numerous renal tubular disease-causing mutations, have provided important insight into the defective molecular mechanisms underlying various tubulopathies, and have greatly increased the understanding of the physiology of renal tubular transport. 9 figures. 2 tables. 55 references.

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Renal Tubulointestitial Diseases. IN: Nilsson, K.R.; Piccini, J.P., eds. Osler Medical Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 2006. pp. 731-740.

The renal tubulointerstitial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders with characteristic features that may include sterile pyuria and white blood cell casts, parenchymal concentrating defects resulting in polyuria and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and tubular defects such as renal tubular acidosis (RTA). This chapter on renal tubulointerstitial diseases is from a handbook that provides the essentials of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the latest in evidence-based medicine, for residents working bedside, in-patient care. The chapter begins with a presentation of essential Fast Facts and concludes with Pearls and Pitfalls useful to the practicing internist. The body of the chapter is divided into sections: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Specific topics covered in this chapter include acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), a condition that can be caused by drugs, infection, and immunologic disease; acute tubular necrosis (ATN), the most common cause of in-hospital acute renal failure (ARF), often caused by medications, iodinated contrast dye, and hypotension; patients at high risk for contrast nephropathy, including those with preexisting renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, multiple myeloma, and advanced age; and the problem of rhabdomyolysis leading to ARF via intratubular obstruction and ATN. The chapter concludes with a list of references, each labeled with a 'strength of evidence' grade to help readers determine the type of research available in that reference source. 2 figures. 1 table. 18 references.

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